Pakistan

GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant 2011 international dollars.

n/a

Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $1.90 a day at 2011 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.

n/a

Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.

n/a

Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. The data are collected and smoothed by United Nations Population Division.

n/a

Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are mid year estimates.

n/a

Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage . Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.

n/a

Political stability and absence of violence/terrorism (index). Political stability and absence of violence measures perceptions of the likelihood that the government will be destabilized or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent means, including politically-motivated violence and terrorism.

n/a

The Gender Inequality Index (GII) reflects gender-based disadvantage in three dimensions—reproductive health, empowerment and the labor market—for as many countries as data of reasonable quality allow. It shows the loss in potential human development due to inequality between female and male achievements in these dimensions. It ranges from 0, where women and men fare equally, to 1, where one gender fares as poorly as possible in all measured dimensions.

n/a

Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.

n/a

Lower secondary education completion rate is measured as the gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary education (general and pre-vocational).

n/a

The quantity of plant nutrients used per unit of arable land. Included are nitrogen, phosphate, and potash. Traditional fertilizers - e.g. from animal and plant manure - are not included.

The farmers should be encouraged to increase the use of fertilizers by a sub- stantial price subsidy and the promotional efforts by the government.

Agriculture value added per worker is a measure of agricultural productivity value added per unit of input. Value added denotes the net output of the agriculture sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. Data are in constant 2010 U.S. dollars. Agriculture corresponds to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) tabulation categories A and B (revision 3) or tabulation category A (revision 4), and includes forestry, hunting, and fishing as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production.

Crop productivity can be enhanced significantly by improving availability of good quality and low cost agriculture inputs like seed, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides. Maintaining efficient water system.Provision of tools and equipment to raise productivity.

The percentage of rural adults (women and men 15 to 49 years old) who have an account at a bank or other financial institution that they personally use.

n/a

Cereal yield measures the amount of harvested production (in tonnes) per hectare of harvested land. Cereals include maize, millet, rice, sorghum, wheat, barley, among other grains.

Planting only high-quality seeds represents one of the eco friendly methods to increase crop yield.Regular satellite monitoring of land plots, for instance, allows farmers to easily follow the growth status of plants and carry out crop yield estimation using remote sensing.Use of modern irrigation methods so as to obtain more amount of water.Crop rotation so as to increase the fertility of the soil

Cereal yield measures the amount of harvested production (in tonnes) per hectare of harvested land. Cereals include maize, millet, rice, sorghum, wheat, barley, among other grains.

Planting only high-quality seeds represents one of the eco friendly methods to increase crop yield.Regular satellite monitoring of land plots, for instance, allows farmers to easily follow the growth status of plants and carry out crop yield estimation using remote sensing.Use of modern irrigation methods so as to obtain more amount of water.Crop rotation so as to increase the fertility of the soil

Cereal yield measures the amount of harvested production (in tonnes) per hectare of harvested land. Cereals include maize, millet, rice, sorghum, wheat, barley, among other grains.

Planting only high-quality seeds represents one of the eco friendly methods to increase crop yield.Regular satellite monitoring of land plots, for instance, allows farmers to easily follow the growth status of plants and carry out crop yield estimation using remote sensing.Use of modern irrigation methods so as to obtain more amount of water.Crop rotation so as to increase the fertility of the soil

Cereal yield measures the amount of harvested production (in tonnes) per hectare of harvested land. Cereals include maize, millet, rice, sorghum, wheat, barley, among other grains.

Planting only high-quality seeds represents one of the eco friendly methods to increase crop yield.Regular satellite monitoring of land plots, for instance, allows farmers to easily follow the growth status of plants and carry out crop yield estimation using remote sensing.Use of modern irrigation methods so as to obtain more amount of water.Crop rotation so as to increase the fertility of the soil

Average size in hectares of agricultural land owned by households.

n/a

This indicator highlights countries where biofortified crops have been developed and released for sale, are undergoing testing, or are currently being developed by scientists. (varieties)

Expand the research area. It is important now to enhance synergies among stakeholders and mobilize resources and required expertise to scale up the biofortified products.

The share of people employed in agriculture among the total employed population. Employment includes both paid labor and self-employment.

Seeds and fertilizers could be subsidized.Loans could be given to farmers to dig wells to irrigate their land.Dams can be built to irrigate dry areas.Storage facilities should be provided.Transport facilities could be increased.Educational facilities to be increased

Kilometers of federal roads per squared kilometer of land area.

n/a

The percentage of rural population with access to electricity.

n/a

Percentage of households consuming iodized salt.

production of low cost iodized salt.Coverage can be increased by educating the community.

Dietary energy in the food supply (or dietary energy supply) is the amount of kilocalories per person per day that is available in a country's food supply. This indicator is based on national-level data from FAO's Food Balance Sheets.

n/a

Grams of protein per person per day that are available in a country's food supply (calculated as a three-year average). This indicator is based on national-level data from FAO's Food Balance Sheets. Note that FAO's methodology for Food Balance Sheets changed for 2014 estimates and after, which may limit comparability pre and post-2014.

n/a

Variation in annual dietary energy in the food supply, in kilocalories per person per day. This is calculated as the standard deviation in dietary energy supply over the previous five years. It draws from data from the FAO Food Balance sheets. Note that FAO's methodology for Food Balance Sheets changed for 2014 estimates and after, which may limit comparability pre and post-2014.

n/a

The proportion of dietary energy available in a country's food supply that is derived from cereals, roots, and tubers (often referred to as staple foods). This indicator is based on national-level data from FAO's Food Balance Sheets. The complement of this indicator, share of dietary energy from non-staples, is also often cited.

n/a

Grams per person per day of fish available in a country's food supply. Includes production plus imports minus exports and changes in fish stocks. This indicator takes into consideration fish as well as processed foods derived from fish. Data is drawn from the FAO Food Balance Sheets. Note that FAO's methodology for Food Balance Sheets changed for 2014 estimates and after, which may limit comparability pre and post-2014.

n/a

This indicator takes into consideration pulses as well as processed foods derived from pulses. Pulses are leguminous plants that are harvested for their dry seeds, including dried beans, chickpeas, cowpeas, and lentils, among others. Data is drawn from the FAO Food Balance Sheets. Note that FAO's methodology for Food Balance Sheets changed for 2014 estimates and after, which may limit comparability pre and post-2014.

n/a

Grams per person per day of meat available in a country's food supply. Includes production plus imports minus exports and changes in meat stocks. This indicator takes into consideration meat as well as processed foods derived from meats. Data is drawn from the FAO Food Balance Sheets. Note that FAO's methodology for Food Balance Sheets changed for 2014 estimates and after, which may limit comparability pre and post-2014.

n/a

Grams per person per day of milk available in a country's food supply. Includes production plus imports minus exports and changes in milk stocks. This indicator takes into consideration milk as well as processed foods derived from milk. Data is drawn from the FAO Food Balance Sheets. Note that FAO's methodology for Food Balance Sheets changed for 2014 estimates and after, which may limit comparability pre and post-2014.

n/a

The proportion of household food and beverage expenditure that is spent on fruits and vegetables.

n/a

Proportion of household food and beverage expenditure spent on meat and fish.

n/a

The proportion of household expenditure that is spent on food and beverages. Household expenditure is a proxy for household income. The monetary value of food procured through own-production, in-kind payments, or transfers is also included in food expenditure.

n/a

Income of a person in the 50th percentile of the income distribution for a state.

n/a

Emissions produced in the different agricultural emissions sub-domains (enteric fermentation, manure management, rice cultivation, synthetic fertilizers, manure applied to soils, manure left on pastures, crop residues, cultivation of organic soils, burning of crop residues, and burning of savanna).

n/a

Agricultural land includes arable land, land under permanent crops, and meadows or pasture. This indicators offers a quick snapshot of how much of the land area per country is occupied with agriculture.

n/a

The prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity is an estimate of the percentage of people in the population who live in households classified as moderately or severely food insecure. The assessment is conducted using data collected with the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) or a compatible experience-based food security measurement questionnaire. The threshold to classify "moderate or severe" food insecurity corresponds to the severity associated with the item "having to eat less" on the global FIES scale. In simpler terms, a household is classified as moderately or severely food insecure when at least one adult in the household has reported to have been exposed, at times during the year, to low quality diets and might have been forced to also reduce the quantity of food they would normally eat because of a lack of money or other resources. It is an indicator of lack of food access.

Increase agriculture production through improved agriculture methods. Challenges like waterlogging and salinity reduce agricultural yields and availability of food directly affecting nutrition. These can be overcome through adaptation and improved farming techniques.

The prevalence of undernourishment expresses the probability that a randomly selected individual from the population consumes an amount of calories that is insufficient to cover her/his energy requirement for an active and healthy life. The indicator is computed by comparing a probability distribution of habitual daily dietary energy consumption with a threshold level called the minimum dietary energy Requirement. Both are based on the notion of an average individual in the reference population.

Focusing on dietary changes, such as eating foods high in energy and nutrients, by supporting for families to help them manage factors affecting the child's nutritional intake, by providing treatment for any underlying medical conditions causing malnutrition, provision of vitamin and mineral supplements & high-energy and protein nutritional supplements – if the other treatments are not enough on their own.

The proportion of children, [NNS reports this for 6-8 months only]who during the last day or night received foods from five or more of the following eight food groups: 1_ Breastmilk; 2) grains, roots, and tubers; 3) legumes and nuts; 4) dairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese, infant formula); 5) flesh foods (meat, fish, poultry and liver/ organ meats); 6) eggs; 7) vitamin-A rich fruits and vegetables; and 8) other fruits and vegetables. MDD is a proxy indicator for mean micronutrient density adequacy of the diet and is measured by counting the number of food groups a child received in the last day or night.

Minimum Dietary Diversity could be improved by increasing one's household income, food price and by making people understand about the concept of MDD and its benefits.

Proportion of infants 6-8 months of age who receive solid, semi-solid or soft foods.

Enhance and strengthen health service delivery to ensure that families of young children receive complementary feeding messages multiple times and are provided support for their implementation. Enlist existing local institutions to serve as delivery platforms, build capacity and engage a wide variety of actors and stakeholders such as those working in agriculture and water and sanitation

Proportion of children born in the last 24 months who were put to the breast within one hour of birth.

Interventions targeted to individual women include health education, peer support, practical skills training and early mother‐and‐baby contact.

Proportion of infants 0-5 months of age who are fed exclusively with breast milk.

strategies such as peer counselling, professional counselling,antenatal breastfeeding education, multimedia approaches need to be addressed

Proportion of children 12–15 months of age who are fed breast milk.

Enhance and strengthen health service delivery to ensure that families of young children receive complementary feeding messages multiple times and are provided support for their implementation. Enlist existing local institutions to serve as delivery platforms, build capacity and engage a wide variety of actors and stakeholders such as those working in agriculture and water and sanitation

Proportion of children 6-23 months of age who receive a minimum acceptable diet (apart from breast milk). A minimum acceptable diet is defined as meeting minimum diet diversity and minimum meal frequency.

It can be improved by Providing available & accessible foods

The proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed children [NNS reports this for 6-8 months only] of age who receive solid, semi-solid, or soft foods (but also including milk feeds for non-breastfed children) the minimum number of times or more. Minimum solid, semi-solid, or soft foods for breastfed children: 2 (6-8 months); 3 (9-23 months). Minimum solid, semi-solid, or soft foods (including formula) for non-breastfed children: 4 (6-23 months)

Lack of awareness, Lack of diverse foods availabilty & acccessibility for infants.

Proportion of adolescent (age 11, 13, 15 years) who reported consuming vegetables at least once a day. Data were collected from Health Behavior in School-aged Children Surveys. Participants were asked how often they ate vegetables, with response categories ranging from never to more than once a day.

The vegetable prices should be improved & availability of variety of vegetables along with benfits should be provided.

Proportion of adolescent (age 11, 13, 15 years) who reported consuming soft drinks at least once a day. Data were collected from Health Behavior in School-aged Children Surveys. Participants were asked how often they drank soft drinks, with response categories ranging from never to more than once a day.

Health warnings about level of dietary risk factors should be placed on front of pack.Strong advocacy and lobbying with parliamentarians and policymakers for enforcement of regulations could help. Mass media campaigns and high level involvement of parliamentarians should also be considered to achieve this objective.By banning their availability in education institutes & providig inofrmation about heir harmful effects.

Proportion of adolescent (age 11, 13, 15 years) who reported consuming fruit at least once a day. Data were collected from Health Behavior in School-aged Children Surveys. Participants were asked how often they ate fruit, with response categories ranging from never to more than once a day.

The fruit prices should be improved & availability of variety of fruits along with benfits should be provided.

Average number of times adolescents (12-17 years) reported consuming carbonated soft drink in the last 30 days. Data were collected from Global School-based Student Health Surveys.

Health warnings about level of dietary risk factors should be placed on front of pack.Strong advocacy and lobbying with parliamentarians and policymakers for enforcement of regulations could help. Mass media campaigns and high level involvement of parliamentarians should also be considered to achieve this objective.By banning their availability in education institutes & providig inofrmation about heir harmful effects.

Proportion of adolescent (12-17 years) who reported consuming carbonated soft drink less than 1 times per day over last 30 days. Data were collected from Global School-based Student Health Surveys.

Health warnings about level of dietary risk factors should be placed on front of pack.Strong advocacy and lobbying with parliamentarians and policymakers for enforcement of regulations could help. Mass media campaigns and high level involvement of parliamentarians should also be considered to achieve this objective.By banning their availability in education institutes & providig inofrmation about heir harmful effects.

Proportion of adolescent (12-17 years) who reported consuming fast food less than 1 times per day over last 30 days. Data were collected from Global School-based Student Health Surveys.

Fast food consumption could be improved by providing health warnings. By providing & educating them about its caloric consumption. Mass media campaigns should also be considered to achieve this objective.

Proportion of adolescent (12-17 years) who reported consuming fruit less than 1 times per day over last 30 days. Data were collected from Global School-based Student Health Surveys.

The fruit prices should be improved & availability of variety of fruits along with benfits should be provided.

Average number of times adolescents (12-17 years) reported consuming fruit in the last 30 days. Data were collected from Global School-based Student Health Surveys.

The fruit prices should be improved & availability of variety of fruits along with benfits should be provided.

Average number of times adolescents (12-17 years) reported consuming vegetable in the last 30 days. Data were collected from Global School-based Student Health Surveys.

The vegetable prices should be improved & availability of variety of vegetables along with benfits should be provided.

Average number of times adolescents (12-17 years) reported consuming fast food in the last 30 days. Data were collected from Global School-based Student Health Surveys.

Fast food consumption could be improved by providing health warnings. By providing & educating them about its caloric consumption. Mass media campaigns should also be considered to achieve this objective.

Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (%). This estimate is for both pregnant and non-pregnant women. Anemia in defined as having a hemoglobin concentration of less than 12 grams per deciliter for non-pregnant and lactating women, and of less than 11 grams per deciliter for pregnant women.

By improving & regulating iron & folic acid supplementation alongwith the adequate maternal and childcare, access to better sanitation facilities, health services, and naturally, nutritious foods

Percentage of children 0-59 months old who are more than 2 standard deviations above the median weight-for-height of the WHO Child Growth Standards. This percentage also includes children 0-59 months who are obese (3 standard deviations above the median). Regional data, where disaggregated, is based on the population weighted means of all constituent countries with available data.

More focus on discouraging eating meals or snacks while watching TV & Buying fewer high-calorie, low-nutrient foods. Moreover avoid labeling foods as "good" or "bad." By improving & b Involving children in planning, shopping, and preparing meals.

Percentage of children 0–59 months who are more than two standard deviations below median weight for height of the WHO Child Growth Standards. Children more then three standard deviations below the median are classified as severely wasted, while those between 2 and 3 standard deviations below the median are moderately wasted. Regional data, where disaggregated, is based on the population weighted means of all constituent countries with available data.

change with a greater current emphasis on nutrition and formulation of various national and provincial nutrition focused strategies; policy makers and planners need to recognize the importance of improved child health and nutrition for national development and look at nutrition strategies as a net investment in the nation's future.

Percentage of children under 5 years of age who are both wasted and stunted

change with a greater current emphasis on nutrition and formulation of various national and provincial nutrition focused strategies; policy makers and planners need to recognize the importance of improved child health and nutrition for national development and look at nutrition strategies as a net investment in the nation's future.

Percentage of children 0–59 months who are more than two standard deviations below median weight for height of the WHO Child Growth Standards. Children more then three standard deviations below the median are classified as severely wasted, while those between 2 and 3 standard deviations below the median are moderately wasted. Regional data, where disaggregated, is based on the population weighted means of all constituent countries with available data.

change with a greater current emphasis on nutrition and formulation of various national and provincial nutrition focused strategies; policy makers and planners need to recognize the importance of improved child health and nutrition for national development and look at nutrition strategies as a net investment in the nation's future.