Nepal

Increase availability, affordability and appeal of alternative micronutrient-rich protein sources and reduce appeal of red meat to high red-meat consumers.

Action

Deliver (peri-)urban agriculture programmes which provide land and other inputs, support local market development and deliver training and nutrition education.

Impact

Increase availability, access, affordability and appeal of nutritious foods to urban populations.

Action

Develop innovative postharvest storage technologies, packaging and processing techniques for nutritious foods to reduce nutrient losses, remove anti-nutrients, prevent contamination and reduce food losses.

Impact

Increase availability, appeal and safety of nutritious foods throughout the year to all populations.

Action

Develop new processed products that extend the shelf life of nutritious foods, make them more convenient for consumers to prepare, and reduce food and nutrient losses.

Impact

Increase availability, affordability and appeal of nutritious foods throughout the year to all populations.

Action

Build and improve roads, transportation, storage, cold chain and logistical distribution infrastructure to enable the delivery of safe, perishable nutritious foods to urban and rural markets.

Impact

Increase availability, affordability and safety of nutritious foods in markets serving local populations.

Action

Maintain and upgrade markets selling nutritious foods to low-income communities and ensure they have access to infrastructure to enhance food safety and reduce foods losses.

Impact

Increase availability, affordability, access and safety of nutritious foods in markets serving low-income populations.

Action

Develop infrastructure to reduce loss and waste of nutritious foods and increase its redistribution.

Impact

Increase availability nutritious foods to low-income and all populations.

Action

Mandate training programmes for food producers and retailers on storage, processing and packaging to reduce spoilage and contamination of nutritious foods.

Impact

Increase availability and safety of nutritious foods to all populations.

Action

Focus cash transfer, voucher and food delivery programmes on increasing the availability, affordability and appeal of nutritious foods and limiting the appeal of foods high in fats, sugars and salt.

Impact

Increase availability, affordability and appeal of nutritious foods and reduce the affordability and appeal of foods high in fats, sugars and salt to low-income populations with access to the programmes.

Action

Require nutrition labelling on packages/menus to indicate if foods are high in calories, fats, sugars and/or salt and/or in positive nutrients.

Impact

Reduce appeal and availability of foods high in fat, sugar and salt and increases appeal of nutritious foods to all populations.

Action

Restrict all forms of marketing, advertising and in-store promotions of HFSS foods, particularly to children.

Impact

Reduce appeal foods high in fat, sugar and salt to children.

Action

Reformulate processed food to reduce fats, sugars and salt.

Impact

Reduce availability of fats, sugars and salt in foods already available to all populations.

Action

Implement taxes to decrease affordability and incentivise reformulation of sugary drinks and foods high in fats, sugars and salt food.

Impact

Decrease affordability of sugary drinks and foods high in fats, sugars and salt to all populations.

Action

Set mandatory limits on trans fats, sugar, salt/sodium and/or saturated fat in packaged foods.

Impact

Reduce availability of foods high in fats, sugars and salt to all populations.

Action

Implement comprehensive school food programmes, incorporating food and meals, nutrition standards, nutrition education, school gardens, food personnel training, food skills and literacy.

Impact

Increase availability, affordability and access of nutritious foods and reduce access to foods high in fats, sugars and salt to school-aged children.

Food Systems Dashboard

Nepal

Indicators

Average threats soil biodiversity index

Total greenhouse gas emissions (excluding land-use change and forestry) (mtCO₂e)

GINI index

Annual population growth (%)

Gender inequality index

Percent urban population of total population (%)

Affordability of a healthy diet: Ratio of cost to food expenditures

Cost of a healthy diet (CoHD) (PPP dollar/person/day)

Cost of an energy sufficient diet

Cost of legumes, nuts, and seeds relative to the starchy staples in a least-cost healthy diet

Cost of nutrient adequacy (CoNA) as a percent of household food expenditure

Cost of nutrient adequacy (CoNA) in local currency units (LCU)

Dietary energy in food supply (kcal/capita/day)

Share of dietary energy from cereals, roots, and tubers (3-year average, kcal/capital/day) (%)

Recommended Policies and Actions

Supply of eggs (g/capita/day)

Supply of fish (g/capita/day)

Supply of fruit (g/capita/day)

Supply of meat (g/capita/day)

Supply of pulses (g/capita/day)

Supply of vegetables (g/capita/day)

Retail value of packaged food sales per capita

Retail value of ultra-processed food sales per capita

Modern grocery retailers per 100,000 population

Supermarkets per 100,000 population

Cereal yield (kg/ha)

Share of employment in agriculture (%)

Vegetable yield (mt per ha)

Agricultural infrastructure index

Cereal losses (% of production and imports) (%)

Recommended Policies and Actions

Fruit losses (% of production and imports) (%)

Pulse losses (% of production and imports) (%)

Vegetable losses (% of production and imports) (%)

Final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2017 international dollars/capita)

Adults (age 25+): Estimated per capita fruit intake (g/day)

Adults (age 25+): Estimated per capita legumes intake (g/day)

Adults (age 25+): Estimated per capita milk intake (g/day)

Adults (age 25+): Estimated per capita nuts and seeds intake (g/day)

Adults (age 25+): Estimated per capita processed meat intake (g/day)

Adults (age 25+): Estimated per capita red meat intake (% energy/day)

Adults (age 25+): Estimated per capita sodium intake (% energy/day)

Adults (age 25+): Estimated per capita sugar sweetened beverages intake (g/day)

Adults (age 25+): Estimated per capita vegetable intake (g/day)

Adults (age 25+): Estimated per capita whole grains intake (g/day)

Prevalence of undernourishment (%)

Agricultural land change during the last 10 years

Average proportion of natural vegetation embedded in agricultural lands

Average species crop richness

Per capita biodiversity impact of food consumption

Per capita eutrophication of food consumption

Per capita greenhouse gas emissions of food consumption

Per capita water use linked to food consumption

Recommended Policies and Actions

Total ecological footprint of consumption per person (higher = worst)

Total ecological footprint of production per person (higher = worst)

Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity (%)

Recommended Policies and Actions

Infants and children (6-23 months): Minimum diet diversity (MDD) (%)

Infants and children (6-23 months): Minimum meal frequency (MMF) (%)

Adult diabetes prevalence (%)

Recommended Policies and Actions

Adult raised blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure >= 140/90 mmHg) (%)

Recommended Policies and Actions

Adult obesity (BMI >= 30) (%)

Anemia in women 15-49 years (%)

Overweight in children under 5 years (%)

Stunting in children under 5 years (%)

Recommended Policies and Actions

Wasting in children under 5 years (%)

Recommended Policies and Actions

All Suggested Policies and Actions